Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Symptoms, Causes, Tests & Treatment

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is one of the most common causes of hypothyroidism in the United States and worldwide. It is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and gradual loss of thyroid function.

At Integrative Wellness Centers, we look beyond symptom management and focus on root cause medicine to help patients in Michigan and beyond restore thyroid balance, improve energy, and address underlying immune triggers.

In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know about Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, including what it is, its symptoms and early warning signs, possible causes, and how it’s diagnosed

What Is Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, also called chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune condition where the immune system produces antibodies that target thyroid proteins like thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg). Over time, this leads to chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland and reduced production of thyroid hormones.

Many people live with Hashimoto’s for years without symptoms, but as thyroid hormone levels begin to decline, signs of hypothyroidism often develop.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Symptoms

Hashimoto’s symptoms often develop slowly and can be easy to miss at first. Common signs include:

• Persistent fatigue or low energy
  
  
• Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight
  
  
• Feeling cold even in warm environments
  
  
• Dry skin, brittle nails, hair thinning or hair loss
  
  
• Hoarseness or swelling at the base of the neck (goiter)
  
  
• Constipation
  
  
• Depression, brain fog, or poor concentration
  
  
• Joint pain, muscle stiffness, or weakness
  
  
• Slow heart rate, puffiness in the face, swelling in hands/feet
  
  

If you are experiencing multiple symptoms, testing for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can help you get answers.

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What Causes Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s is caused by a combination of genetics, immune dysregulation, and environmental triggers. Some common contributors include:

• Genetics and Family History – Autoimmune thyroid disease often runs in families.
  
  
• Immune Dysregulation – Overactive immune responses trigger production of TPO and Tg antibodies.
  
  
• Leaky Gut and Dysbiosis – Poor gut barrier function can trigger immune activation.
  
  
• Nutrient Deficiencies – Low selenium, vitamin D, zinc, or iron can worsen thyroid function.
  
  
• Environmental Triggers – Chronic stress, viral infections, toxin exposure, mold, and excess iodine intake can all play a role.
  
  
• Hormonal Changes – Postpartum women are at higher risk of thyroid autoimmunity due to immune shifts.
  
  

Because triggers are different for each person, a personalized approach is the most effective way to slow or stabilize thyroid damage.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Test

Diagnosing Hashimoto’s involves a combination of lab tests and clinical evaluation. Common tests include:

• TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) – Often elevated in hypothyroidism
  
  
• Free T4 and Free T3 – Measures available thyroid hormones
  
  
• TPO Antibodies and Thyroglobulin Antibodies – Detects autoimmune activity
  
  
• Thyroid Ultrasound – May reveal gland enlargement or texture changes
  
  
• Comprehensive Panels – In functional medicine, we may also test gut health, vitamin D levels, selenium, and inflammatory markers for a full picture.
  
  

Testing is important even if your TSH is “normal” but you have symptoms — antibody elevation can appear years before thyroid hormone levels drop. 

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Treatments

Conventional Treatments

The standard medical treatment is levothyroxine, a synthetic form of T4 hormone. This helps normalize TSH and reduce symptoms of hypothyroidism. For some patients, combination therapy with T4 and T3 may be helpful. 

Root Cause & Integrative Approach

In addition to medication, supporting the immune system and thyroid health can help slow progression:

• Address and Test Gut Health – Heal leaky gut and rebalance microbiome.
  
  
• Optimize Nutrients – Selenium, zinc, vitamin D, iron, and magnesium.
  
  
• Balance Hormones & Stress – Support adrenal health and reduce cortisol spikes.
  
  
• Reduce Environmental Toxins – Filter water, use clean household products.
  
  
• Anti-inflammatory Diet – Emphasize whole foods, lean proteins, vegetables, and omega-3 fats.
  
  

Our approach at Integrative Wellness Centers focuses on uncovering what is driving your autoimmunity so we can create a plan that works for your unique biology.

Nutrition & Lifestyle Support

• Eat Nutrient-Dense Foods: Cruciferous vegetables (cooked), wild-caught fish, leafy greens.
  
  
• Support Detoxification: Hydration, sweating (sauna), and antioxidants.
  
  
• Gentle Movement: Walking, yoga, resistance training to support metabolism.
  
  
• Manage Stress: Meditation, breathing exercises, journaling.
  
  
• Prioritize Sleep: Quality sleep is critical for immune balance.
  
  

When to See a Specialist for Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Consider seeing a thyroid specialist or functional medicine provider if you:

• Have persistent symptoms despite “normal” labs
• Test positive for TPO antibodies
• Notice swelling in your neck or suspect a goiter
• Have multiple autoimmune conditions
• Experience fertility issues, irregular cycles, or recurrent pregnancy loss

Conclusion: Your Next Steps for Managing Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can feel overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to define your life. With the right testing, proper treatment, and a focus on uncovering root causes, it is possible to reduce symptoms, slow the progression of thyroid damage, and regain your energy and well-being. At Integrative Wellness Centers, we create personalized care plans that address your thyroid, immune system, gut health, and lifestyle to support lasting results.

Dr. Josh Shields, D.C., C.F.M.P. Certified Functional Medicine Practitioner Supporting natural healing since 2003

✨ Schedule your consultation today and take the first step toward balancing your thyroid health. Take our free online health evaluation!  

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FAQ about Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Q1. Can Hashimoto’s be reversed?
Hashimoto’s cannot be “cured,” but immune activity can be lowered, symptoms reduced, and thyroid function stabilized with the right approach.

Q2. Do I have to take thyroid medication forever?
Not always. Some patients can reduce medication needs with root cause care, but this must be monitored with lab testing.

Q3. How long does it take to feel better?
Symptom improvement may take a few weeks to months depending on severity, lifestyle changes, and treatment consistency.

Q4. Can diet alone fix Hashimoto’s?
Diet can dramatically improve symptoms and lower antibodies but usually works best alongside lifestyle support and medical monitoring.

Q5. Is iodine good or bad for Hashimoto’s?
Too much iodine can worsen autoimmunity. Use only under professional guidance.

Q6. Does stress make Hashimoto’s worse?
Yes, chronic stress can increase inflammation and trigger flares. Stress management is key.

Q7. Can Hashimoto’s affect pregnancy?
Yes, untreated thyroid issues can affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Managing thyroid health before and during pregnancy is critical.